Jan 1, 2012-2012
United States of America
Bank of America’s Truth Machines
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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP
Rainforest Action Network
TARGET
Bank of America
WIDELY HELD BELIEF
The Bank of America should not bankroll coal.
CASE NARRATIVE
Issue and Opponent: The Bank of America had been caught up in multiple scandals by 2012. One of the main concerns centered on the bank being one of the top bankrollers of coal.
Dilemma Action: The Rainforest Action Network (RAN) aimed to spread the truth about Bank of America’s misdeeds to its customers in San Francisco. The activists placed 85 nonadhesive sticks that looked exactly like Bank of America’s ATM screen on every ATM the company owned in the city. The stickers prompted the customers to select whether they wanted their money to be invested in one of the following: coal-fired power plants, foreclosures on homes, bankrolling climate change, or padding executive bonuses. At the bottom of the sticker, there was a button that asked the customer to stop doing business with Bank of America until they started behaving responsibly.
Outcomes: The action received many positive responses, and the design of the sticker was made available as a high-resolution pdf so that others access it and participate. The activists were able to temporarily convert the Bank of America’s ATMs into temporary political machines of activism. The action didn’t obtain any initial concessions, but after years of RAN’s continuous campaign, the Bank of America adopted groundbreaking global coal mining policies in 2015.
PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL
NONVIOLENT TACTICS USED
DA TACTICS USED
Humorous skits and pranks
CASE NARRATIVE WRITER
SUCCESS METRICS
9 / 12
(MC) Media Coverage
(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists
(OR) Opponent response
(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public
(PUN) Punishment favored the activists
(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent
(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists
(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public
Laugtivism
PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN
3 / 3
Activist group continued working together after the action
Encouraged more participants to join the movement
Internally replicated by the same movement
RESOURCES
Project documentation
Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook
Case study documentation
Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset
SOURCES
Bankrupting America. “Bank of America is Bankrupting America,” Tumblr. Retrieved July 23, 2023. (https://bankruptingamerica.tumblr.com/).
Stoner, Eric. 2012. “Bank of America’s new Automated Truth Machines” Waging Nonviolence. Retrieved July 23, 2023. (Retrieved July 23, 2023. ( ).).
Keeling, Brock. 2012. “Activists Turn Bank Of America ATMs Into ‘Truth Machines’ Overnight,” SFIST. Retrieved July 23, 2023. (https://sfist.com/2012/01/13/activists_turn_bank_of_america_atms/).
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