Issue and Opponnent: The origins of the National Woman’s Party (NWP) date from 1912, when Alice Paul and Lucy Burns, young Americans educated in the militant tactics of the British suffrage movement, were appointed to the National American Woman Suffrage Association’s (NAWSA) Congressional Committee. They injected a renewed militancy into the American campaign and shifted attention away from state voting rights toward a federal suffrage amendment. Alice Paul and Lucy Burns received only reluctant support from the NAWSA and were responsible for generating their financial support and recruiting members. Despite NAWSA’s disinterest in a constitutional amendment and its opposition to militancy, the women remained determined to drum up political support from Senators and Congressmen in Washington. Dilemma Action: The Congressional Union for Woman’s Suffrage (CU), founded in April 1913, started an aggressive suffrage campaign as a separate organization from the NAWSA. Its members held street meetings, distributed pamphlets, petitioned and lobbied legislators, and organized parades, pageants, and speaking tours. Despite losing support from the NAWSA, the Congressional Union continued its suffrage campaign with vigorous militant energy. In January 1917, the CU and NWP began to picket the White House. Nearly 2,000 suffragists traveled from 30 states to take turns on the picket line. Demonstrations also took place in nearby Lafayette Park, where in August and September 1918, the NWP burned copies of Wilson’s speeches and his picture in effigy. The government’s initial tolerance gave way after the United States entered World War I. In June 1917, suffrage protestors were arrested, imprisoned, and often force-fed when they went on hunger strikes to protest their denial of political prisoner status. The tactics used by the NWP to accomplish its goals were versatile and creative. Its leaders drew inspiration from a variety of sources, including the British suffrage campaign, American labor activism, and the temperance, antislavery, and early women’s rights campaigns in the United States. Traditional lobbying and petitioning were the mainstay of party members. Outcome: The National Woman’s Party, along with other suffragettes, succeeded in securing their right to vote through the passage of the 19th amendment, and was signed into law on August 26, 1920. They also drew closer to full equality under the law, and in the years ensuing many suffragettes began the campaign for the Equal Rights Amendment. The National Woman’s Party grew from local support to national membership and extensive media coverage. In the 1920s, and continuing until 1972, the organization worked to introduce the amendment to various sessions of Congress and urged state governments to support equal rights legislation. The party ceased its political lobbying function in 1999 when it became a nonprofit educational organization. The NWP’s militant tactics and steadfast lobbying, coupled with public support for imprisoned suffragists, forced President Woodrow Wilson to endorse a federal woman suffrage amendment in 1918. Congress passed the measure in 1919, and the NWP began campaigning for state ratification. Shortly after, Tennessee became the 36th state to ratify women’s suffrage.