Apr 1, 2001-2001
Canada
Operation SalAMI
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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP
Citizen groups
TARGET
Canadian government
WIDELY HELD BELIEF
The government should be transparent and make information available to the public.
CASE NARRATIVE
Issue and Opponent: Operation SalAMI, a Montréal-based direct-action group, focused its efforts on targeting the Department of International Trade to release a copy of the Free Trade Area of Americas (hereinafter: FTAA). The concern of Operation SalAMI was the secrecy of the document. There were concerns that the FTAA would exacerbate the degradation of environmental regulations, and labor laws, and the subjugation of national laws.
Dilemma Action: To avoid a potential confrontation by the police or other non-pacifist protests at the Québec summit, Operation SalAMI chose to offer an ultimatum to International Trade Minister Pierre Pettigrew and the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade in Ottawa. They demanded the government publish the integral version of the FTAA by March 20, 2001, or risk a non-violent civil disobedience movement on April 2, 2001, to close the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade building in Ottawa. Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade was faced with a choice: release the current version of the FTAA revealing the dubious confidentiality of the draft or have a publicized civil disobedient movement. The government did not release the draft of the FTAA by the activist’s deadline. On April 1, Operation SalAMI held a day-long teach-in to promote nonviolent protests and how to respond to different scenarios. Then, on April 2, 2001, 400-500 protesters arrived and occupied the Department of International Trade and Foreign after calling for a “Citizen’s Warrant for Search and Seizure.”
Outcome: Eighty-five people were arrested. Five days after the publicized civil disobedience movement, Pierre Pettigrew and the International Trade Minster released the full FTAA draft. Operation SalAMI, led by Philippe Duhamel, labels itself as a nonviolent organization that adheres to ethical principles and transparency. The name of the organization “Salami” translates to “dirty friend” in French and the AMI is an acronym for Multilateral Agreement of Investments. The Multilateral Agreement of Investments was a former target of the activist group. There is evidence that the larger campaign movement is resisting corporate globalization.
PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL
NONVIOLENT TACTICS USED
DA TACTICS USED
Assemblies of protest or support
CASE NARRATIVE WRITER
SUCCESS METRICS
9 / 12
(CONC) Concessions were made
(MC) Media Coverage
(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists
(OR) Opponent response
(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public
(PUN) Punishment favored the activists
(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent
(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists
(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public
PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN
3 / 3
Activist group continued working together after the action
Encouraged more participants to join the movement
Internally replicated by the same movement
RESOURCES
Project documentation
Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook
Case study documentation
Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset
SOURCES
Ditchburn, Jennifer. “Parliament Hosts Activists; Day-Long Event Offered Tips on Non-violent Protest.” The Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
Ditchburn, Jennifer. “Practice Protest Staged; Demonstrators, and Police Act Civil in Trial Run.” The Hamilton Spectator. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
http://www.newtactics.org/sites/newtactics.org/files/ Duhamel_Dilemma.pdf>. Accessed April 15, 2022.
Graeber, David. 2009. “Direct Action: An Ethnography,” AK Press, 2009. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
Jones, Hannah. 2010. “Canadian activists demand transparency in FTAA negotiations, 2000-2001,” Global Nonviolent Action Database, Retrieved July 22, 2023. (https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/canadian-activists-demand-transparency-ftaa-negotiations-2000-2001).
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