Mar 9, 1990-1990
United States of America
The Capitol Crawl
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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP
Americans With Disabilities
TARGET
U.S Congress
WIDELY HELD BELIEF
Disability gorups should be equally represented.
CASE NARRATIVE
Issue and Opponent: Disability groups have existed in the United States since at least the 19th century. In the decades leading up to the ADA, activists have won legislative victories by gaining access to education, housing, transportation, and federal buildings. The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 allowed for there to be an important legal precedent for those who are “disabled” as a protected category. However, in 1990, when the Congressional legislation to turn a proposed Americans with Disabilities Act into law stalled in the House Committee on Public Works and Transportation, many concerned citizens with disabilities descended in Washington, D.C. Dilemma Action: On March 12, 1990, hundreds of people with disabilities gathered at the foot of the Capitol building in Washington D.C. to protest the bill’s slow movement through Congress. Many of the people attending the protest left their wheelchairs and got down on their hands and knees to pull themselves closer to the building. Along with this, people showed up with banners and posters to the Capitol to show their disagreement with how slow the bill was moving in Congress. Many of those who were present did not show any fear but instead, they were very determined and angry as to what was going on. As many gathered around the Capitol many news media outlets were gathered around recording everything that was happening. The news media sites were highly sympathetic towards all of the group presentations and people crawling up the steps of the building. Outcome: The Capitol Crawl made national headlines and pushed lawmakers to pass the ADA into law. The lawmakers did not respond in any negative way towards the activists during the protest but instead, they felt pressured. When Bush signed the bill, it was seen as one of the country’s comprehensive pieces of civil rights. In 2008, lawmakers passed amendments to make sure that the ADA was strengthened. In response to the protest no one was punished for anything that occurred and many people have continued to work together to fight for disability rights.
PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL
NONVIOLENT TACTICS USED
DA TACTICS USED
Assemblies of protest or support
Banners/posters/displayed communications
Marches
CASE NARRATIVE WRITER
SUCCESS METRICS
9 / 12
(CONC) Concessions were made
(MC) Media Coverage
(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists
(OR) Opponent response
(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public
(PUN) Punishment favored the activists
(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent
(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists
(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public
PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN
3 / 3
Activist group continued working together after the action
Encouraged more participants to join the movement
Internally replicated by the same movement
RESOURCES
Project documentation
Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook
Case study documentation
Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset
SOURCES
Michaels, Samantha. 1990. “The Capitol Crawl,” Actipedia. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://actipedia.org/project/capitol-crawl).
Zinn Education Project. 1990. “March 12, 1990: Disability Rights Activists Make “Capitol Crawl” for the ADA,” Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.zinnedproject.org/news/tdih/capitol-crawl-for-ADA/).
Little, Becky. 2020. “When the ‘Capitol Crawl’ Dramatized the Need for Americans with Disabilities Act,” HISTORY. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.history.com/news/americans-with-disabilities-act-1990-capitol-crawl).
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