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Dec 11, 2004-2004

Bangladesh

Bangladesh Human Chain

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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP

Awami League

TARGET

BNP-led alliance government

WIDELY HELD BELIEF

Elections should be free and fair.

CASE NARRATIVE

Issue and Opponent: The opposition Awami League and fellow opposition party supporters were unhappy with the BNP-led coalition government because of unfair policies and corruption. The supporters of the Awami League and other opposition parties were arrested days before the protest. Nearly 1,000 leaders and activists were detained in efforts to frustrate the campaign.
Dilemma Action: The Awami League organized a “no-confidence” protest in the form of a human chain from Teknaf to Tentulia, with more than five million people participating and spanning over a thousand kilometers, which was the longest human chain in history at the time. The aim was to promote the realization of the opposition’s nine-point charter of demands and force the coalition government to step down and for a neutral caretaker government to take over. The key demand was for the ousting of the current government and for free and fair elections to be held, as well as a ban on fundamentalist politics, an establishment of an anti-corruption commission, and to keep prices fair. The government responded with violence, which also reflected badly on them since the protest was peaceful.
Outcome: The government utilized helicopters, paramilitary troops, and cameras to contain and control the protest. While only some demands were met, like the establishment of an anti-corruption commission the human chain protest was considered successful. However, political polarization and turmoil would continue and come to a head in the 2006/2007 political crisis.

PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL

Pro-Democracy

DA TACTICS USED

Stand-in

CASE NARRATIVE WRITER

SUCCESS METRICS

8 / 12

(CONC) Concessions were made

(MC) Media Coverage

(OR) Opponent response

(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public

(PUN) Punishment favored the activists

(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent

(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists

(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public

PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN

3 / 3

Activist group continued working together after the action

Encouraged more participants to join the movement

Internally replicated by the same movement

RESOURCES

Project documentation

Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook

Case study documentation

Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset

CC BY 4.0 Deed, Attribution 4.0 International

SOURCES

Guinness World Records. 1999. “Longest human chain (multiple countries),” Retrieved July 22, 2023. (https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/longest-human-chain-(length).

VOA News. 2009. “Protesters to Form Human Chain in Bangladesh,” Retrieved July 22, 2023. (https://www.voanews.com/a/a03-protesters-to-form-human-chain-in-bangladesh-66874442/260659.html).

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