Jun 1, 1984-1984
Uruguay
Bus strike in Uruguay
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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP
Union workers, Broad Front Coalition, Blanco, Colorado, the Civil Union, Students’ Social and Cultural Association for Public Education
TARGET
Military rule
WIDELY HELD BELIEF
Innocent actors should not be imprisoned for revolting against corrupt governments.
CASE NARRATIVE
Issue and Opponent: Uruguay had been relatively politically stable in South America. However, the military coup in 1973 changed the narrative. The government of Uruguay began to use fear, threats, and intimidation to keep its population under control. People were tortured, political parties were banned, and the media was censored. Seregni, the former leader of Broad Front, had been imprisoned since January 1976 due to his efforts to revolt against the government of Uruguay.
Dilemma Action: Empty buses drove through the streets with “obligatory emergency service” signs in their windows during a strike. The government had to choose between allowing the buses to continue going through the streets empty, which demonstrated the discontent of the strikers, or initiating stronger repressive measures (they had already engaged in violence towards the strikers).
Outcomes: The government ultimately decided to release Seregni. These peaceful strikes led to the end of the military regime.
PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL
NONVIOLENT TACTICS USED
DA TACTICS USED
Sympathetic strike
CASE NARRATIVE WRITER
SUCCESS METRICS
9 / 12
(CONC) Concessions were made
(EREP) Dilemma action got replicated by other movements
(MC) Media Coverage
(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists
(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public
(PUN) Punishment favored the activists
(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent
(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists
(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public
PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN
3 / 3
Activist group continued working together after the action
Encouraged more participants to join the movement
Internally replicated by the same movement
RESOURCES
Project documentation
Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook
Case study documentation
Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset
SOURCES
Auker Becker, Meghan. 2010. “Uruguayans general strike against the military government, 1984,” Global Nonviolent Action Database. Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/uruguayans-general-strike-against-military-government-1984).
The New York Times. 1984. “AROUND THE WORLD,” Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/28/world/around-the-world-032827.html).
Weinstein, Martin. 2007. “Uruguay’s elections a prolonged transition to democracy,” NACLA, September 25. Retrieved July 20, 2023.
Hudson, Rex A. & Meditz, Sandra W. 1990. “Uruguay: A Country Study,” Library of Congress. Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://memory.loc.gov/master/frd/frdcstdy/ur/uruguaycountryst00huds_0/uruguaycountryst00huds_0.pdf).
AP. 1984. “AROUND THE WORLD; Uruguay’s Capital Paralyzed by Strike,” January 19. Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://www.nytimes.com/1984/01/19/world/around-the-world-uruguay-s-capital-paralyzed-by-strike.html).
Lissardy, Zelmar. 1984. “General strike virtually paralyzes Uruguay,” UPI Archives, June 27. Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/06/27/General-strike-virtually-paralyzes-Uruguay/6055457156800/).
Multipartidaria. 1984. “El Pueblo Espera…,” Retrieved July 20, 2023. (https://anaforas.fic.edu.uy/jspui/bitstream/123456789/43796/1/Nueva_Voz_13.pdf).
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