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Aug 16, 1992-1992

Brazil

Funeral for Collor Protests

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ACTIVISTS/ACT.GROUPS/DESCRIPTION OF THE GROUP

Supporters of the Movement for Ethics in Politics (MEP); Caras Pintadas

TARGET

The Government of President Fernando Collor de Mello

WIDELY HELD BELIEF

Government funds should not be used for the President’s personal expenses.

CASE NARRATIVE

Issue and Opponent: On May 10, 1992, President Collor’s brother revealed Fernando Collor’s involvement in a peddling scheme during a magazine interview. On August 16, President Collor called for his supporters to wear the colors of the national flag, green and yellow.
Dilemma Action: Instead, opposition protestors showed up to the rally, outnumbering Collor’s supporters, wearing all-black clothing with their faces painted black. They paraded through Sao Paulo in black as a sign of mourning for the corruption of the Collor government. This initial march of mourning led to a second action on August 25 where protestors performed a mock burial of the Collor government. In this case, protestors painted their faces or dressed up as phantoms, prison inmates, rats, and the dragon of inflation to further set themselves apart from the national identity of Collor’s supporters.
Outcome: This demonstration pressured Collor’s regime into releasing an inquiry report on August 26. The report showed proof of the President using his campaign funds to pay for his expenses. Protestors then started a petition for his removal.

PRIMARY STRUGGLE/GOAL

Accountability / Corruption

DA TACTICS USED

Mock funerals

CASE NARRATIVE WRITER

SUCCESS METRICS

11 / 12

(CONC) Concessions were made

(MC) Media Coverage

(MSYMP) Media coverage was sympathetic to the activists

(OR) Opponent response

(PS) Dilemma action built sympathy with the public

(PUN) Punishment favored the activists

(REFR) Dilemma action reframed the narrative of the opponent

(RF) Dilemma action reduced fear and/or apathy among the activists

(SA) Dilemma action appealed to a broad segment of the public

Artivism

Laugtivism

PART OF A LARGER CAMPAIGN

3 / 3

Activist group continued working together after the action

Encouraged more participants to join the movement

Internally replicated by the same movement

RESOURCES

Project documentation

Dilemma Actions Coding Guidebook

Case study documentation

Dilemma_Actions_Analysis_Dataset

CC BY 4.0 Deed, Attribution 4.0 International

SOURCES

Irwin, Jamie. 2015. “Brazilians drive out corrupt President – 1992,” Global Nonviolent Action Database, February 15. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/brazilians-drive-out-corrupt-president-1992).

Flynn, Peter. 1993. “Collor, Corruption and Crisis: Time for Reflection,” Journal of Latin American Studies. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/158161).

LA TIMES Archives. 1992. “Brazilians Dress in Black to ‘Mourn’ Corrupt Government,” Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-08-17-mn-5147-story.html).

Blount, Jeb. 1992. “Brazilians Rally for President’s Impeachment,” Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-09-19-mn-601-story.html).

BBC World Service Witness History. 1992. “Brazil Protests: Caras Pintadas,” Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01f89yv).

Weyland, Kurt. 1993. “The Rise and Fall of President Collor and Its Impact on Brazilian Democracy,” JSTOR. Retrieved July 21, 2023. (https://www.jstor.org/stable/166101).

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